18 OCTOBER 2014 – LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from
previous researchers in the area related to the problem at hand.

Before starting to write your literature, you should assume the likes of questions that will
come from your audience soon after reading your literature. For example ask yourself
question like these before write a literature:

1. What is the specific thesis, problem, or research question that may literature

2. What type of literature review am I conducting?

3. What is the scope of my literature review?

4. Will the reader find my literature review relevant, appropriate, and useful?

Purpose of doing literature review:

1. As a basis to support the development of current research.

2. To enable researcher to understand and define the underlying problem

3. To guide the researcher in selecting the variable for the study and provide the

4. To help researcher in developing theoretical framework for the study, research

5. To share with the reader the finding of the previous studies that relate closely review helps to  
    define?

•     precisely.
•     rationale for selecting these variables.
•     question and research hypothesis.

     to the current study.

Steps in conducting literature review:

1. Identify the relevant sources for literature in the area of interest.

2. Obtain and read all literatures which is relevant with the study.

3. Write up the literature based on the information obtained.

27 SEPTEMBER 2014 – TYPES OF RESEARCH

What is research?
Research is a systematic search for information in order to obtain a clear picture concerning the underlying problem.

There are a few type of research :

1. Applied research (Action research)
Applied research is carried out for the purpose of solving an existing problem.

2. Basic research (Pure research)
Basic research is carried out to generate a body of knowledge by trying to
comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved.

3. Historical research
Historical research related previous research to the current research.

4. Descriptive research (ethnography research)
Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of an existing phenomenon.

5. Experimental research
Experimental research is used to obtain evidence of cause and effect relationship.

6. Correlational research
Correlational research is used to measure the strength of the relationship between
two variables.

High-quality research is characterized by many characteristic and certain characteristic tend
to be related. Among the characteristic are:

1. It is based on the work of previous researchers in the area.
2. It can be replicated.
3. It is doable.
4. It is based on some logical rationale and tied to the theory.
5. It can be undertaken for the betterment of society.

progress 2

In order to select the topic of my research, the first step I have to do is read a lots of journal and article. I need to review all the information from it. I also must learnt and understand about what has been done in the field. By doing this, the process of learning might blended and become more easier for me to understand the field area of discussions.

Topic 1 : Management of Effective Schools In Malaysia : Issues and Challenges

Recently, researches have shown an increased interest in making a responsibility to work on all regular schools so that they become effective schools. An effective schools should be viewed from the perspective of holistic national and international issues that present challenges to its effectiveness and global relevancy.

Santrock (2001), pointed out that the school managers of learning organization are responsible in establishing the save and conducive learning environment in school and therefore related to school and class size as well as home-school partnership.

According to Mukhtar and Musliza (2004), points out the importance of a sense of unity such as cooperation, effective communication, and shared goals were given less attention although they agree on its importance.

The important point that researcher want to highlight is that these characteristics can be used to described in the context of higher learning institutions towards realizing the organizational effectiveness.

progress 1

Here are some example of my research topic :

1. The relationship between perception of quality management and their organization commitment in Islamic Integrated School.

2. The relationship between the level of stress among teachers and their organization commitment in Islamic Integrated School.

please give some ideas about my topic. TQ